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Union Army Recruits in Black Regiments in the United States, 1862-1865
This data collection was designed to examine the characteristics of free Blacks and ex-slaves mustered into the Union Army between 1862 and the end of the Civil War. In addition to variables on personal characteristics, such as skin, eye, and hair color; height; age; birthplace; and occupation before enlistment; the data also contain Army-related variables, such as regiment and company number; rank; enlistment date and place; changes in rank; and date and cause of end of service. (more) Judgmental sample of eight Black infantry regiments in the Union Army. The sample represents slightly under 5 percent of all Black troops and has wide regional coverage within the Southern states.
White Attitudes Toward Black Civil Equality in the Nineteenth Century: Iowa's Equal Rights Referenda of 1857, 1868, and 1880
The primary objective of this data collection was to provide a quantitative underpinning for the analysis of Northern racial attitudes in the United States during the Civil War era. The data contain the results of the three popular referenda on Black civil equality held in 1857, 1868, and 1880 in the state of Iowa: the first just prior to the onset of the Civil War,the second following the Civil War, and the third coming at the close of the Reconstruction period. (more) In order to provide a more comprehensive political context for these well-spaced referenda, the data files contain all relevant annual elections occurring in Iowa between August 1848 and June 1882, capturing the period of time beginning with the first elections involving antislavery candidates through the end of Reconstruction. The data contain results from 186 of 292 Iowa townships that had surviving 1857 referenda returns. Of the 186, 127 townships had records for all three of the referenda regarding the rights of Blacks (1857, 1868, and 1880)
Hispanic Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly, Wave III, 1998-1999: [Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas]
This dataset comprises the second follow-up of the baseline Hispanic EPESE and provides information on 1,980 of the original respondents. The Hispanic EPESE collected data on a representative sample of community-dwelling Mexican-American elderly, aged 65 years and older, residing in the five southwestern states of Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas. The primary purpose of the series was to provide estimates of the prevalence of key physical health conditions, mental health conditions, and functional impairments in older Mexican Americans and to compare these estimates with those for other populations. (more) The Hispanic EPESE attempted to determine whether certain risk factors for mortality and morbidity operate differently in Mexican Americans than in non-Hispanic White Americans, African Americans, and other major ethnic groups. The public-use data cover background characteristics (age, sex, origin of Hispanic ethnicity, income, education, marital status, number of children, employment, and religion), height, weight, social and physical functioning, chronic conditions, related health problems, health habits, self-reported use of dental, hospital, and nursing home services, and depression. The follow-ups provide a cross-sectional examination of the predictors of mortality, changes in health outcomes, and institutionalization and other changes in living arrangements, as well as changes in life situations and quality of life issues.
Immigrants Admitted to the United States, 2000
This data collection contains information on the characteristics of aliens who became permanent legal residents of the United States in fiscal year 2000 (October 1999 through September 2000). Data are presented for two types of immigrants.(more) The first category, new arrivals, arrived from outside the United States with valid immigration visas issued by the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service. The second category, adjustments, were already in the United States with temporary status and were adjusted to legal permanent residence through petition to the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service. Variables include port of entry, month and year of admission, class of admission, and state and area to which the immigrants were admitted. Demographic information such as age, sex, marital status, occupation, country of birth, country of last permanent residence, and nationality is also provided.
Mexican-American Families in Los Angeles, 1844-1880
This data collection contains two data files created from manuscript census returns. Part 1 is an aggregation of social characteristics of Spanish-surnamed and Mexican-born families in the city of Los Angeles from 1844-1880. The data were used to study family composition and socioeconomic mobility. (more) Data items include real property held by head of household (1844, 1850, and 1880 missing), number of children in household, number of adults who were literate in household (no data for 1844), last name of head of household, place of birth of head of household, and occupational category (i.e., rancher or farmer, professional, mercantile, clerk, skilled, and unskilled). Part 2 is composed of data used to study the socioeconomic development of the Mexican-American community in Los Angeles. The main emphasis was on an analysis of literacy, occupational mobility, schooling, family structure, demographic changes, and property mobility.
Survey of Consumer Attitudes and Behavior Series
These surveys were undertaken to measure changes in consumer attitudes and expectations, to understand why these changes occur, and to evaluate how they relate to consumer decisions to save, borrow, or make discretionary purchases. This type of information is essential for forecasting changes in aggregate consumer behavior. Since the late 1940s, these surveys have been produced quarterly through 1977 and monthly thereafter. (more) Each monthly survey probes a different aspect of consumer confidence. Open-ended questions are asked concerning evaluations and expectations about personal finances, employment, price changes, and the national business situation. Additional questions probe buying intentions for automobiles and the respondent's appraisals of present market conditions for purchasing houses, automobiles, and other durables. Demographic information includes ethnic origin, sex, age, and education.
American Housing Survey Series
The American Housing Surveys (AHS), prior to 1984 called the Annual Housing Surveys, were first conducted in 1973 by the United States Bureau of the Census. This series comprises two types of data collections: a national survey of housing units, and surveys of housing units in selected metropolitan areas. The interviews cover core questions that are repeated each year, and an additional set of questions on recurring or one-time supplemental topics. (more) Beginning with the 1997 data, these were combined by the Census Bureau into one collection, called the National Microdata. The metropolitan-area data were originally released as SMSA Files, MSA Files, MSA Core Files, MSA Core Question Files, and MSA Core and Supplement Files. Supplemental data on transportation were released in Travel-to-Work Files for some survey years, in addition to the data on this topic contained in the national datasets. Other recurring supplementary topics include mobility, second and mobile homes, disabilities, cars and major appliances, energy conservation, housing modifications, and additional questions on housing and neighborhood quality. An important feature of these surveys is that generally the same housing units remain in the sample year after year, and it is the housing unit rather than its occupants that is followed.
The Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality
The Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality was designed to broaden the understanding of how changing labor market dynamics, racial attitudes and stereotypes, and racial residential segregation act singly and in concert to foster contemporary urban inequality. This data collection comprises data for two surveys: a survey of households and a survey of employers. (more) Multistage area probability sampling of adult residents took place in four metropolitan areas: Atlanta (April 1992-September 1992), Boston (May 1993-November 1994), Detroit (April-September 1992), and Los Angeles (September 1993-August 1994). Questions on labor market dynamics included industry, hours worked per week, length of time on job, earnings before taxes, size of employer, benefits provided, instances of harassment and discrimination, and searching for work within particular areas of the metropolis in which the respondent resided. Questions covering racial attitudes and attitudes about inequality centered on the attitudes and beliefs that Whites, Blacks, Latinos, and Asians hold about one another, including amount of discrimination, perceptions about wealth and intelligence, ability to be self-supporting, ability to speak English, involvement with drugs and gangs, the fairness of job training and educational assistance policies, and the fairness of hiring and promotion preferences.. The data in Part 2 represent a telephone survey of current business establishments in Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, and Los Angeles carried out between spring 1992 and spring 1995 to learn about hiring and vacancies, particularly for jobs requiring just a high school education.
Hispanic Voters Experience Difficulty Casting Votes
From this graph, we see that Hispanic voters were almost twice as likely as Non-Hispanic voters to experience trouble voting in the 2002 mid-term elections. The data for this analysis come from the Voter News Service General Election Exit Poll, 2002, which was conducted on November 5, 2002, in all 50 states. (more) Nearly 7 percent of Hispanics experienced "some other problem" when attempting to cast their votes as compared to about 3-1/2 percent of Non-Hispanic voters. Questions about electoral issues, issues surrounding the election, and demographic and economic questions were asked of voters as they left polling places. This is part of a series of surveys conducted by the National Election Pool.
Mean Sales and Appraisal Price of Slaves by Sex and State, 1775-1865
This graph illustrates the mean appraised or sales price of slaves during the colonial era in eight southern states. There is substantial variation in assessed price by state and by gender of the slave. Female slaves in the state of South Carolina were valued at nearly twice the dollar value as males. The data for this graph come from the Slave Sales and Appraisals, 1775-1865 data file. (more) The data were obtained from probate records on deposit in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints Genealogical Society Library, Salt Lake City, Utah. Variables document the sale locations and the appraised and sale values of the slaves, as well as the slaves' age, sex, occupational skills, and condition of health. This data also relates to the featured finding on Appraised Value of Slaves by State and Date of Appraisal, 1775-1865.
Hospital Admissions Vary by Race
How patients are admitted to the hospital varies considerably by race. The graph above illustrates this substantial variation in the source of hospital admissions, with Blacks and persons of other race or multiple races much more likely to come into the hospital through the emergency room and Native Americans, Asians, and Pacific Islanders more likely to be referred by a physician. The data for this analysis are from the 2004 National Hospital Discharge Survey, (more) which collects data annually from a sample of administrative patient discharge records from 501 hospitals eligible for participation. Information about hospital stay, procedures and surgeries, and methods of payment are also available.
Emergency Room Waiting Time Longest for Blacks
This graph illustrates racial and ethnic differences in the mean waiting times to see attending physicians in U.S. emergency rooms in 2004. Blacks wait on average 254 minutes or 4-1/4 hours to see a physician once they register at the admitting desk. This is longer than any other racial group listed by between 1/2 and 2-1/2 hours. The data for this graph come from the 2004 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), (more) which provides data from samples of patient records selected from emergency departments (EDs) and outpatient departments (OPDs) of a national sample of hospitals. For the 2004 survey, data were collected from 204 OPDs and 458 EDs. Among the variables included are age, race, and sex of the patient; reason for the visit; physician's diagnoses; cause of injury; surgical procedures; medication therapy; and expected source of payment.
Non-Hispanic Black Children Most Likely to be Diagnosed with Asthma
This graph shows the percent of children ever diagnosed with asthma by a doctor. The analysis is stratified by age, illustrating racial and ethnic differences for all childhood stages and is based on data from the sample child file of the 2004 National Health Interview Survey. Non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics have roughly similar proportions across all age groups whereas non-Hispanic Black children are much more likely to have been diagnosed with asthma at all ages. (more) By age 1, over 5 percent of non-Hispanic Black children have been diagnosed with asthma. The purpose of the National Health Interview Survey is to obtain information about the amount and distribution of illness, its effects in terms of disability and chronic impairments, and the kinds of health services people receive. In the sample child file, there is information from an adult in the household on medical conditions (e.g., respiratory problems, seizures, allergies, and use of special equipment like hearing aids, braces, or wheelchairs) of one child in that household. Also included are variables regarding child behavior, the use of mental health services, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), as well as responses to the extended version of the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire (SDQ-EX) on child mental health.
Primary Substance of Use by Hispanic Origin, 2004
The graph above illustrates ethnic differences in the primary substance used by persons admitted to certified substance abuse programs in 2004. While a large proportion of all admissions for all ethnic groups were for alcohol abuse, admissions for persons of Puerto Rican heritage are much more likely to be for heroin, while for persons of Cuban origin admissions occur more often for cocaine or crack use. Admissions for those of Mexican origin were most likely for the use of methamphetamine. The data for this analysis come from the 2004 version of the administrative database Treatment Episode Data Set, (more) which provides descriptive information about the national flow of admissions to providers of substance abuse treatment. The TEDS series is designed to provide annual data on the number and characteristics of persons admitted to public and private substance abuse treatment programs receiving public funding. The unit of analysis, therefore, is treatment admissions. Additional variables, such as calculated age and census region, are added to the state data. TEDS provides information on service setting, number of prior treatments, primary source of referral, employment status, whether methadone was prescribed in treatment, diagnosis codes, presence of psychiatric problems, living arrangements, source of income, health insurance, expected source of payment, substance(s) abused, route of administration, frequency of use, age at first use, pregnancy and veteran status, health insurance, and days waiting to enter treatment.
Reducing Terrorism: Detroit Arab-American Response
This graph illustrates the attitudes of Arab Americans in Detroit concerning the measures taken to combat terrorism by the federal government of the United States. The percent who agree that measures such as detention without evidence or domestic surveillance are appropriate when applied to all US citizens is much higher than those who agree that these measures should be applied to only Arab Americans. These data come from a larger supplement to the Detroit Area Study fielded in 2003. (more) The Detroit Arab American Study, using a representative sample drawn from the three-county Detroit metropolitan area that is supplemented with an oversample of Arab Americans (DAAS, n = 1000) from the same region, provides a unique dataset with which to study the impact of September 11, 2001, on Arab Americans living in the Detroit metropolitan area. The data contain respondent information concerning opinions on respondents' experiences since the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, social trust, confidence in institutions, intercultural relationships, local social capital, attachment to transnational communities, respondent characteristics, and community needs. Examples of the issues addressed in the data include frequency of religious participation; level of political activism; level of interaction with people outside of their cultural, racial, and ethnic groups; and the quality of the social and political institutions in their area.
Crow and Chippewa Tribe Family Size Suffer Largest Decrease from 1885 to 1930
This graph illustrates changes in mean family size for American Indian tribes between 1885 and 1930. Family size decreased for all the tribes throughout the 45-year period; Crow and Chippewa families were particularly affected during the historical decline of the Native American Population. The data for this graph come from the Reports of the American Indian Family History Project, 1885-1930. (more) The Reports of the American Indian Family History Project was a study aimed at examining demographic trends among Native Americans families during the late 1800s and early 1900s utilizing census data, collected by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) and the Census Bureau. Specifically, this study observed the behavior of Native American families from the Colville, Creek, Crow, Hopi, and White Earth Chippewa tribes at the time of the 1885, 1900, 1910, and 1930 censuses, although data were not available for all tribes in all years.
Appraised Value of Slaves by State and Date of Appraisal, 1775-1865
This graph illustrates the overall value of slaves over time by state. This shows that prices in slave importing states to the west are higher than prices in slave exporting states to the east. The data for this graph come from the Slave Sales and Appraisals, 1775-1865 data file. The data were obtained from probate records on deposit in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints Genealogical Society Library, Salt Lake City, Utah. Variables document the sale locations and the appraised and sale values of the slaves, as well as the slaves' age, sex, occupational skills, and condition of health. (more) This data also relates to the featured finding on Mean Sales and Appraisal Price of Slaves by Sex and State, 1775-1865.
